BY BEENU BAJWA &
DR. COLTON JENSEN

1. What is skin cancer?

Skin cancer is caused by the abnormal, uncontrolled growth of skin cells, which is triggered by damage from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Though darker skin tones have more melanin (natural sun protection), South Asians are still at risk for skin cancer and should take steps to protect their skin. Prevention is always better than treatment, though early detection makes skin cancer much easier to treat.

2. Why sun protection matters for South Asians

There is a common misconception that people with darker skin are safe from skin cancer. Although darker skin offers some level of protection, it does not prevent skin cancer. South Asians can develop skin cancer, especially on areas of the skin that have been repeatedly exposed to sunlight. By taking sun protection seriously, South Asians can reduce skin damage, signs of aging, and skin cancer risk. 

3. Types of skin cancer

There are three main types of skin cancer, each with distinct characteristics. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) often appears as a shiny bump or sore that does not heal over time. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) might look like a scaly or crusty sore and is the most common type of skin cancer in South Asians. Melanoma–the most dangerous form of skin cancer–may resemble a mole that changes shape, color, or size; South Asians have a higher risk of developing melanoma on their palms, soles, or nails. Knowing these signs can help you identify skin changes early and seek medical advice if needed.

4. Sun protection tips

Protecting your skin from the sun is essential to reduce your risk of skin cancer. Use sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher every day, even in the winter or when it’s cloudy, and reapply it every two hours if you are outside. Wearing protective clothing such as long sleeves, pants, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses also helps shield your skin from the sun’s rays. Try to stay in the shade whenever possible, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the sun is strongest. Avoid using tanning beds or deliberately tanning in the sun, as these habits can increase your risk of skin cancer.

5. Check your skin regularly

Make it a habit to check your skin regularly for any sore, changing, abnormal, or new spots. If you notice any of these signs, it is important to see a dermatologist, as early detection greatly increases the chances of successful treatment. One way to remember what to look for is by using the “ABCDE” rule. This stands for Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, and Evolving.

6. ABCDEs of Melanoma:

* Asymmetry: One half doesn’t match the other.

* Border: Irregular or jagged edges.

* Color: Multiple colors like brown, black, red, or white.

* Diameter: Larger than a pencil eraser (6mm).

* Evolving: Changes in size, shape, or color, or if it begins to hurt, ooze, or bleed.

7. See a doctor if you notice changes

Early detection saves lives. If you see anything unusual, show your family physician or ask for an appointment with a dermatologist.

Remember: Sun protection is for everyone, regardless of skin color!

(Beenu Bajwa, BSc, is a 4^th year UBC medical student. Dr. Colton Jensen is a dermatology resident at the University of Alberta.)